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1 discharging current
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2 discharging current
Англо-русский дорожно-транспортный словарь > discharging current
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3 discharging current
English-Russian dictionary of telecommunications and their abbreviations > discharging current
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4 discharge [discharging] current
1) разрядный ток, ток разряда2) анодный токАнгло-русский словарь технических терминов > discharge [discharging] current
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5 current
электроток, электрический ток- balanced current
- bias current
- biasing current
- breaking current
- carrier current
- charging current
- continuous current
- control current
- cutoff current
- dark current
- deflecting current
- direct current
- discharging current
- drain current
- erasing current
- estimated load current
- exchange current
- extraneous current
- filament current
- focusing current
- holding current
- influencing current
- line current
- line sweep current
- linear current
- loading current
- low-frequency current
- magnetizing current
- making current
- nonsinusoidal current
- optimal current
- peak current
- periodical current
- phase current
- positive current
- push-pull current
- radio-frequency current
- recording current
- ringing current
- root-mean-square current
- saturation current
- sawtooth current
- sinusoidal current
- source current
- spacing current
- standard current
- stray current
- supply current
- switching current
- symistor control current
- threshold current
- total current
- transmission line current
- triggering current
- typical current
- unbalanced current
- unidirectional current
- uninterruptible current
- video current
- write currentEnglish-Russian dictionary of telecommunications and their abbreviations > current
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6 discharging
English-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > discharging
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7 constant current discharging
Автоматика: разрядка при постоянном токеУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > constant current discharging
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8 constant current discharging
English-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > constant current discharging
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9 анодный ток
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > анодный ток
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10 анодный ток
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11 rate
1. n1) норма; размер2) ставка, тариф; такса; расценка3) курс (валюты, ценных бумаг); цена4) скорость, темп5) процент, доля; коэффициент6) разряд, сорт7) местный налог; коммунальный налог
- accident rate
- accident frequency rate
- accounting rate
- accumulated earnings tax rate
- accumulated profits tax rate
- actuarial rate
- administered rate
- ad valorem
- advertising rate
- advertisement rate
- agreed rate
- air freight rates
- all-commodity rate
- all-in rate
- amortization rate
- annual rate
- annual average growth rate
- annual interest rate
- annualized rate of growth
- annual percentage rate
- annual production rate
- anticipated rate of expenditures
- any-quantity rate
- applicable rate
- area rate
- average rate
- average rate of return
- average annual rate
- average growth rate
- average tax rate
- average weighted rate
- backwardation rate
- baggage rate
- bank rate
- bank discount rate
- bank's repurchase rate
- base rate
- base lending rate
- basic rate
- rate rate of charge
- basing rate
- basis rate
- benchmark rate
- benchmark overnight bank lending rate
- berth rate
- bill rate
- birth rate
- blanket rate
- blended rate
- bond rate
- bonus rates
- borrowing rate
- bridge rate
- broken cross rates
- broker loan rate
- bulk cargo rate
- burden rate
- buyer's rate
- buying rate
- cable rates
- call rate
- call loan rate
- call money rate
- capacity rate
- capital gain rate
- capitalization rate
- carload rate
- carrier rate
- carrying over rate
- cash rate
- ceiling rate
- central rate
- cheque rate
- check rate
- class rate
- clearing rate
- closing rate
- collection rate
- column rate
- combination rate
- combination freight rate
- combination through rate
- combined rate
- commercial bank lending rates
- commission rate
- commitment rate
- commodity rate
- common freight rate
- compensation rate
- compound growth rate
- composite rate
- concessionary interest rate
- conference rate
- consumption rate
- container rate
- contango rate
- conventional rate
- conventional rate of interest
- conversion rate
- cost rate
- coupon rate
- credit rates
- cross rate
- cross-over discount rate
- crude rate
- curb rate
- currency rate
- current rate
- current rate of exchange
- customs rate
- cutback rate
- daily rate
- daily wage rate
- day rate
- death rate
- deck cargo rate
- default rate
- demand rate
- demurrage rate
- departmental overhead rate
- deposit rate
- deposit interest rate
- depreciation rate
- discharging rates
- discount rate
- dispatch rate
- distress rate
- dividend rate
- double exchange rate
- downtime rate
- drawdown rate
- drawing rate
- dual rate
- duty rate
- earned rate
- earning rate
- economic expansion rate
- economic growth rate
- effective rate
- effective rate of return
- effective annual rate
- effective exchange rate
- effective tax rate
- employment rate
- enrollment rate
- equalizing discount rate
- equilibrium exchange rate
- equilibrium growth rate
- estimated rate
- euro-dollar exchange rate
- evaluated wage rate
- exchange rate
- exchange rate to the dollar
- existing rates
- exorbitant rate
- exorbitant interest rate
- expansion rate
- expenditure rate
- export rate
- express rate
- extraction rate
- face interest rate
- failure rate
- fair rate of exchange
- favourable rate
- final rate
- financial internal rate of return
- fine rate
- first rate
- fixed rate
- fixed rate of exchange
- fixed rate of royalty
- fixed interest rate
- flat rate
- flexible exchange rate
- floating rate
- floating exchange rate
- floating interest rate
- floating prime rate
- floor rate of exchange
- fluctuant rate
- fluctuating rate
- forced rate of exchange
- foreign rate
- foreign exchange rate
- forward rate
- forward exchange rate
- free rate
- free exchange rate
- freight rate
- future rate
- general rates
- general rate of profit
- general cargo rates
- going rate
- going market rate
- going wage rates
- goods rate
- graduated rate
- group rate
- growth rate
- guaranteed wage rate
- handling rate
- high rate
- high rate of exchange
- high rate of productivity
- higher rate
- hiring rate
- hotel rates
- hourly rate
- hourly wage rate
- hurdle rate
- illness frequency rate
- import rate
- incidence rate
- income tariff rates
- increment rate
- individual tax rate
- inflation rate
- info rate
- inland rate
- insurance rate
- insurance premium rate
- interbank rate
- interbank overnight rate
- interest rate
- interest rate on loan capital
- internal rate of return
- job rates
- jobless rate
- key rates
- labour rates
- leading rate
- legal rate of interest
- lending rate
- less-than-carload rate
- liner rates
- liner freight rates
- loading rates
- loan rate
- loan-recovery rate
- local rate
- Lombard rate
- London Interbank Offered Rate
- London money rate
- long rate
- low rate
- lower rate
- margin rate
- marginal rate
- marginal tax rate
- marine rate
- marine transport rate
- market rate
- market rate of interest
- maximum rate
- maximum individual tax rate
- mean rate of exchange
- mean annual rate
- measured day rate
- members rate
- merchant discount rate
- minimum rate
- mixed cargo rate
- minimum lending rate
- minimum tax rate
- mobilization rate
- moderate rate
- monetary exchange rate
- money rate of interest
- money market rate
- monthly rate
- monthly rate of remuneration
- mortgage rate
- mortgage interest rate
- multiple rate
- multiple exchange rate
- municipal rates
- national rate of interest
- natural rate of growth
- natural rate of interest
- negative interest rate
- net rate
- New York interbank offered rate
- nominal interest rate
- nonconference rate
- nonresponse rate
- obsolescence rate
- occupational mortality rate
- offered rate
- official rate
- official rate of discount
- official exchange rate
- one-time rate
- opening rate
- open-market rates
- operating rate
- operation rate
- option rate
- ordinary rate
- output rate
- outstripping growth rate
- overdraft rate
- overhead rate
- overnight rate
- overtime rate
- paper rate
- parallel rate
- parcel rate
- par exchange rate
- parity rate
- par price rate
- part-load rate
- passenger rate
- pay rates
- pegged rate
- pegged exchange rate
- penalty rate
- penalty interest rate
- percentage rate of tax
- per diem rates
- personal income tax rate
- piece rate
- piecework rate
- port rates
- postal rate
- posted rate
- power rate
- preferential rate
- preferential railroad rate
- preferential railway rate
- present rate
- prevailing rate
- prime rate
- priority rates
- private rate of discount
- private market rates
- production rate
- profit rate
- profitability rate
- profitable exchange rate
- progressive rate
- proportional rate
- provisional rate
- purchase rates
- purchasing rate of exchange
- quasi-market rate
- rail rates
- railroad rates
- railway rates
- real economic growth rate
- real effective exchange rate
- real exchange rate
- real interest rate
- reciprocal rate
- redemption rate
- rediscount rate
- reduced rate
- reduced tax rate
- reduced withholding tax rate
- reference rate
- refinancing rate
- reject frequency rate
- remuneration rate
- renewal rate
- rental rate
- repo rate
- response rate
- retention rate
- retirement rate of discount
- royalty rate
- ruling rate
- sampling rate
- saving rate
- scrap frequency rate
- seasonal rates
- second rate
- sellers' rate
- selling rate
- settlement rate
- shipping rate
- short rate
- short-term interest rate
- sight rate
- single consignment rate
- soft lending rate
- space rate
- special rate
- specified rate
- spot rate
- stable exchange rate
- standard rate
- standard fixed overhead rates
- standard variable overhead rates
- standard wage rate
- statutory tax rate
- steady exchange rate
- step-down interest rate
- stevedoring rates
- stock depletion rate
- straight-line rate
- subsidized rate
- survival rate
- swap rate
- tariff rate
- tax rate
- taxation rate
- tax withholding rate
- telegraphic transfer rate
- temporary rate
- third rate
- through rate
- through freight rate
- time rate
- time wage rate
- today's rate
- top rate
- total rate
- trading rate
- traffic rate
- tramp freight rate
- transit rate
- transportation rate
- treasury bill rate
- turnover rate
- two-tier rate of exchange
- unacceptable rate
- unemployment rate
- uniform rates
- uniform business rate
- unofficial rate
- unprecedented rate
- utilization rate
- variable rate
- variable interest rate
- variable repo rate
- volume rate
- wage rate
- wage rate per hour
- wastage rate
- wear rate
- wear-out rate
- wholesale rate
- worker's rate
- year-end exchange rate
- zero interest rate
- zone rate
- rate for advances against collateral
- rate for advances on securities
- rate for cable transfers
- rate for a cheque
- rates for credits
- rates for currency allocations
- rate for loans
- rate for loans on collateral
- rate for mail transfers
- rate for telegraphic transfers
- rate in the outside market
- rate of accumulation
- rates of allocation into the fund
- rate of allowance
- rate of assessment
- rate of balanced growth
- rates of cargo operations
- rate of change
- rate of charge
- rate of commission
- rate of compensation
- rate of competitiveness
- rate of conversion
- rate of corporate taxation
- rate of cover
- rate of currency
- rates of currency allocation
- rate of the day
- rate of demurrage
- rate of dependency
- rate of depletion
- rate of deposit turnover
- rate of depreciation
- rate of development
- rate of discharge
- rate of discharging
- rate of discount
- rate of dispatch
- rate of duty
- rate of exchange
- rate of expenditures
- rate of expenses
- rate of foreign exchange
- rate of freight
- rate of full value
- rate of growth
- rate of increase
- rate of increment
- rate of inflation
- rate of input
- rate of insurance
- rate of interest
- rate of interest on advance
- rate of interest on deposits
- rate of investment
- rate of issue
- rates of loading
- rates of loading and discharging
- rate of natural increase
- rates of natural loss
- rate of option
- rate of pay
- rate of premium
- rate of price inflation
- rates of a price-list
- rate of production
- rate of profit
- rate of profitability
- rate of reduction
- rate of remuneration
- rate of return
- rate of return on capital
- rate of return on the capital employed
- rate of return on net worth
- rate of royalty
- rate of securities
- rate of stevedoring operations
- rates of storage
- rate of subscription
- rate of surplus value
- rate of taxation
- rate of turnover
- rate of unloading
- rate of use
- rate of wages
- rate of work
- rates on credit
- rate on the day of payment
- rate on the exchange
- rate per hour
- rate per kilometre
- at the rate of
- at the exchange rate ruling at the transaction date
- at a growing rate
- at a high rate
- at a low rate
- at present rates
- below the rate
- accelerate the rate
- advance the rate of discount
- align tax rates
- apply tariff rates
- boost interest rates
- boost long-term interest rates
- boost short-term interest rates
- charge an interest rate
- cut rates
- cut interest rates by a quarter point
- determine a rate
- establish a rate
- fix a rate
- grant special rates
- increase rates
- maintain high interest rates
- levy rates
- liberalize interest rates
- liberalize lending rates
- lower the rate of return
- mark down the rate of discount
- mark up the rate of discount
- prescribe rates
- quote a rate
- raise a rate
- reduce a rate
- reduce turnover rates of staff
- revise rates
- set rates
- slash interest rates
- step up the rate of growth
- suspend a currency's fixed rate
- upvalue the current rate of banknotes
- slow down the rate2. v1) оценивать, определять стоимость, устанавливать цену
- rate local and offshore funds -
12 operation
n1) действие; работа2) торговая или финансовая операция; сделка3) разработка, эксплуатация4) технологическая операция; процесс; цикл обработки5) режим работы6) амер. управление
- administration operation
- agency operation
- air-express operation
- air-freight operations
- air-passenger operations
- assembly operations
- automated operation
- automatic operation
- auxiliary operations
- banking operation
- barter operation
- basic operation
- bear operation
- bearish operation
- black-market operation
- boiler-room operation
- bookkeeping operation
- bull operation
- bullish operation
- calculating operation
- capacity operations
- cargo operation
- cargo-handling operations
- cash operation
- census operation
- charter operations
- checking operation
- cheque operation
- clearing operation
- commercial operation
- commission banking operations
- computer operation
- computing operation
- concurrent operation
- congested operation
- consignment operation
- construction operations
- continuous operation
- contract operations
- conversion operation
- credit operation
- current operation
- current account operation
- customs operation
- day-to-day operations
- dependable operation
- deposit operation
- discharging operations
- dock operations
- documentary credit operations
- double-barelled loan operation
- double-shift operation
- efficient operation
- exchange operation
- exploration operation
- export operation
- express operations
- external operation
- fabrication operation
- fail-safe operation
- failure-free operation
- farm operations
- faultless operation
- fiduciary operations
- field operations
- financial operation
- financing operation
- fine-tuning operations
- finishing operation
- foreign operations
- foreign exchange operation
- foreign trade operations
- forward operation
- franchising operation
- full time operation
- full-capacity operation
- fund exchange operation
- funding operation
- future operation
- guaranteed operation
- handling operations
- harvesting operations
- hedging operation
- housekeeping operations
- incentive operation
- independent operation
- individual operation
- initial operation
- insurance operation
- integrated operation
- intermediate trade operation
- international operation
- inventory operations
- invisible operation
- job shop operation
- joint operation
- lending operations
- licensing operation
- loading operations
- loading and discharging operations
- loading and unloading operations
- loan operation
- loss operation
- machine operation
- machining operation
- main operation
- major operation
- maritime transport operations
- marketing operations
- mathematical operation
- maximization operation
- mechanized operation
- merchandising operations
- minimization operation
- mining operations
- monetary operations
- multitask operation
- multiple shift operation
- multishift operation
- no-failure operation
- nonproductive operations
- normal operation
- off-balance sheet operations
- off-line operation
- offshore operation
- one-shift operation
- on-line operation
- onward switching operations
- open-market operations
- open-pit operation
- panel operation
- part time operation
- plant operation
- processing operation
- production operation
- production-scale operation
- production-type operation
- productive operation
- progressive operation
- proper operation
- purchasing operation
- quay operations
- rational operation
- real-time operation
- reexport operation
- reimport operation
- reliable operation
- remittance operation
- resale operation
- rescue operation
- routine operations
- sales operations
- salvage operations
- seasonal operations
- second shift operation
- semi-automated operation
- serial operation
- service operation
- settlement operation
- short-term operation
- slack operation
- small-scale operations
- smooth operation
- smoothing operation
- speculative operation
- start-up operations
- steady operation
- stevedoring operations
- stock exchange operations
- swap operation
- trade operations
- trading operations
- tramp operations
- transfer operations
- trial operation
- trouble-free operation
- trouble-proof operation
- two-shift operation
- turn-key operation
- uninterrupted operation
- unloading operations
- warehousing operations
- operation in futures
- operation of a business
- operation of circumstances
- operation of collection
- operation of economy
- operation of equipment
- operation of an exhibition
- operation of a machine
- operation of multilateral tax treaties
- operation of a plant
- operation of premises
- operations on the stock exchange
- in operation
- under operation
- be in operation
- be out of operation
- begin operations
- bring into operation
- carry out operations
- cease operations
- close operations
- come into operation
- commence operations
- conduct operations
- execute financial operations
- go into operation
- handle operations
- hold up operations
- interfere with operations
- interrupt operations
- monitor operations
- perform operations
- place into operation
- provide normal operation
- put into operation
- put out of operation
- suspend operations
- wind down operationsEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > operation
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13 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
14 curve
1) кривая2) изгиб; закругление; кривизна || изгибать(ся); закруглять(ся)4) лекало (чертёжное, швейное)5) ж.-д. кривая (пути)6) дорож. разбивать кривую•to negotiate a curve — вписываться в кривую (пути);to round curves — проходить кривые участки пути;to run through a curve — проходить кривую (пути);curve of (centers of) flotation — катящаяся кривая, кривая центров тяжести площади ватерлинии ( при наклонениях судна)curve of constant slope — линия откосаcurves of form (of hydrostatic properties) — мор. кривые элементов теоретического чертежаcurve of metacenters — мор. кривая метацентров, метацентрическая обёрткаcurve of Persei — кривая Персея, спирическая кривая-
A curve
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Abbot's curve
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aberration curve
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adiabatic curve
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altitude curve
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amplitude-response curve
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analytic curve
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angle-time curve
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anharmonic curve
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anhysteretic magnetization curve
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annealing curve
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antidromic curve
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antipedal curve
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aperture response curve
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apolar curve
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backwater surface curve
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backwater curve
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ballistic curve
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bath-tub curve
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bearing area curve
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bearing stress curve
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bell-shaped curve
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B-H curve
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binaural curve
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biquartic curve
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bitangential curve
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bitangent curve
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boiling curve
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boiling-point curve
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borderline knock curve
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bound curves
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brake performance curve
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broken-back curve
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buoyancy curve
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burning curve
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calibration curve
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caliper curve
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capacity curve
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catenary curve
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characteristic current curve
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characteristic curve
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characteristic time curve
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charging curve
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circular curve
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climb curve
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closed curve
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color response curve
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commutation curve
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compound curve
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compression curve
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condensation curve
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confocal curves
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continuous curve
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contour curve
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contrast response curve
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conveyor curve
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coordinate curve
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correction curve
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cosecant curve
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cosine curve
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cotangent curve
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cross curves of stability
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cubic curve
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cumulative property curves
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current-time curve
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current-voltage curve
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damper curve
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decay curve
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decline curve
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decrement curve
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de-emphasis curve
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deflection curve
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deformation curve
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demagnetization curve
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depletion curve
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derating curve
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dew-point curve
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dextrorse curve
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directing curve
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discharge curve
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discharge frequency curve
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discharge voltage-time curve
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discharging curve
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displacement curve
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distillate yield curve
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distribution curve
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D-log E curve
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dose-survival curve
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drawdown curve
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drooping volt-ampere curve
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dry-bulb temperature curve
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duration curve
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dynamic stability curve
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easement curve
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efficiency curve
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elastic curve
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elevation-area curve
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elution curve
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empirical curve
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end point yield curve
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enthalpy curve
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entropy curve
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envelope curve
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epitrochoidal curve
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equalization curve
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equiprobability curve
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error curve
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exponential curve
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faired curve
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family curve
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fatigue curve
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firing curve
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first-arrival curve
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fitted curve
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flash point yield curve
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flash yield curve
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flat curve
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floodable length curve
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flow curve
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flow-through curve
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frequency curve
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frequency-response curve
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full-load curve
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full-load performance curve
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full-load saturation curve
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funicular curve
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gain curve
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Gaussian curve
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generating curve
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generation curve
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grading curve
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granulometric curve
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gravity mid per cent curve
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growth curve
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guide curve
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H and D curve
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hardening curve
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harmonic curve
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head-flow curve
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heating load curve
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helical curve
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horizontal curve
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Hurter and Driffield curve
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hydrostatic curves
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hysteresis curve
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incremental fuel consumption curve
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induction-permeability curve
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infiltration curve
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integral curve
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interpolation curve
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ionization curve
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irregular curve
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isentropic curve
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isobaric curve
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isobatic curve
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isochronous curve
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isoclinic curve
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isothermal curve
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isotime curve
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isotropic curve
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lag curve
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launching curves
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lead curve
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learning curve
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level curve
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limit curve
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load curve
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load-deflection curve
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load-duration curve
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load-extension curve
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load-opening displacement curve
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load-strain curve
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load-time curve
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logarithmic curve
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luminosity curve
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magnetization curve
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Mayor curve
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mean temperature-time curve
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no-load curve
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normal curve
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normal traveltime curve
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normalized magnetization curve
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O-curve
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overload curve
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parameter curve
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particle-size distribution curve
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part-load curve
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pay load-range curve
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pedal curve
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performance curve
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permeability curve
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plane curve
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polar curve
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potential curve
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power-angle curve
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preemphasis curve
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pressure curve
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pressure drawdown curve
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probability curve
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propeller performance curves
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quadric curve
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quartic curve
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quintic curve
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railroad curve
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railway curve
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rate-of-failure curve
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rating curve
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recession curve
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reciprocity curve
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recovery curve
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rectifiable curve
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refrigerant flow curve
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regression curve
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regulation curve
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remanence curve
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remarkable curve
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resistance curve
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resistance variation curve
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resonance curve
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response curve
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reverse curve
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righting arms curve
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righting arm curve
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righting moment curve
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rising-stage curve
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room temperature curve
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runoff curve
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sag vertical curve
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saturation curve
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secant curve
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self-polar curve
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sensitivity curve
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sensitometric curve
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sextic curve
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sharp curve
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sheer curve
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short radius curve
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short-circuit curve
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simple curve
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sine curve
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sinistrorse curve
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sizing curve
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sliding curve
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slip-current curve
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smooth curve
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space curve
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spectral-distribution curve
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spectral-response curve
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speed performance curve
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speed-load curve
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spiral curve
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spur conveyor curve
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stability curve
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standardization curve
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statical stability curve
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stationary curve
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steam-pressure curve
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steep curve
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step curve
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stratification curve
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stress-strain curve
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stripping curve
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subsequent fracture curve
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superheat curve
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swing curve
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tangent curve
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tangential curve
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temperature curve
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temperature-depth curve
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temperature-viscosity curve
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test curve
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thrust curve
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tide curve
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time-gamma curve
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time-light curve
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time-temperature-transformation curve
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tons per inch curve
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torque curve
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torque-angle curve
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torque-speed curve
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torque-vs-displacement curve
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total heat curve
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track curve
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transfer curve
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transient curve
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transition boiling curve
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transition curve
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translation curve
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transversal curve
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trochoidal curve
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TTT curve
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turnout curve
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universal curve
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vapor-pressure curve
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vapor curve
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vertical curve
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vertical travel-time curve
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viscosity mid per cent curve
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volumetric efficiency curve
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washability curve
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wear-time curve
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wet-bulb temperature curve
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Wohler's curve
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work-hardening curve
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yield curve -
15 device
1) устройство2) установка; агрегат3) аппарат4) механизм5) прибор; измерительное устройство7) компонент; элемент8) схема•devices identical in design — конструктивные аналоги;-
alphanumeric display device-
automatic exposure control device-
bubble memory device-
bucket brigade charge-coupled device-
decision-making device-
drilling bit feed device-
electrical device-
exposure control device-
Gunn-effect device-
Hall-effect device-
hard-copy output device-
household electrical device-
humidity detecting device-
hybrid-type device-
Josephson-effect device-
maneuvering propulsion device-
materials-handling device-
multiport device-
night observation device-
noise dampening device-
photoconducting device-
propulsion device-
protection device-
raster-display device-
registering pin device-
reversible film feeding device-
seed-feeding device-
supply reel braking device-
three-axis device -
16 discharge
discharge nвыгрузкаdischarging vвыгрузкаalternate fire extinguisher dischargeвторая очередь срабатывания огнетушителейbattery dischargeразряд аккумулятораcapacitor discharge lightимпульсный огонь с конденсаторным разрядомcloud-to-cloud dischargeразряд между облакамиcloud-to-ground dischargeразряд между облаками и землейdischarge air overboardотводить воздух в атмосферуdischarge currentразрядный токdischarge hoseраздаточный шлангdischarge indicatorсигнализатор разрядкиdischarge openingвыпускное отверстиеdischarge pressure overboardсбрасывать давление за бортdischarge static electricityотводить статическое электричествоdischarge testerнагрузочная вилкаdischarge the cargoснимать груз в контейнереdischarge tubeпатрубок отводаdischarge valveразгрузочный клапанexhaust gases dischargeотвод выходящих газовfan discharge ductканал вентилятораfuel dischargeслив топливаlighting dischargeразряд молнииmain fire extinguisher dischargeпервая очередь срабатывания огнетушителейstate of dischargeстепень разряженности(аккумулятора) static dischargeстатический разрядstatic discharge cableстатический разрядникstatic discharge wickкисточка статического разрядникаstatic discharging systemсистема статических разрядников -
17 photovoltaic plant
фотоэлектрическая установка
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[Интент]Параллельные тексты EN-RU
Photovoltaic plants
A photovoltaic plant permits to convert the energy associated with solar irradiation into electrical energy of direct type; these plants are constituted by panels of semiconducting material, which can generate electrical power once exposed to the rays of the sun.
Photovoltaic plants can be grid-connected or supply a single load (stand alone plant).
In this last case an accumulator battery shall be present to provide power supply in case of lack of solar radiation.
The basic element of a photovoltaic plant is the photovoltaic cell constituted by semiconducting material (amorphous silicon or monocrystalline silicon); this cell, exposed to the rays of the sun, is able to supply a maximum current Impp at a maximum voltage Vmpp, which a maximum power called Wp corresponds to.
More photovoltaic cells are connected in series to form a string to raise the voltage level; by connecting more strings in parallel, the current level is increased.
For example, if a single cell can provide 5A at 35.5 Vd.c., in order to reach the level of 100A at 500 Vd.c., it is necessary to connect 20 strings in parallel, each of them constituted by 15 cells.
Generally speaking, a stand alone photovoltaic plant is constituted by the following devices:
- photovoltaic array: constituted by the photovoltaic cells suitably interconnected and used for the conversion of sunlight energy into electrical energy;
- charge regulator: it is an electronic device able to regulate charging and discharging of accumulators;
- accumulator batteries: they can provide power supply in case of lack of solar radiation;
- DC/AC inverter: it has the function of turning direct current into alternating current by controlling it and stabilizing its frequency and waveform.
The following figure shows the block diagram of a stand alone photovoltaic plant..
[ABB]Фотоэлектрические установки
Фотоэлектрические установки осуществляют прямое преобразование солнечной энергии в электрическую. Такие установки состоят из панелей полупроводникового материала, вырабатывающего электрическую энергию под воздействием солнечного излучения.
Фотоэлектрические установки являться частью общей энергосистемы или снабжать электроэнергией отдельную нагрузку (автономную установку).
В последнем случае в состав системы должна входить аккумуляторная батарея, обеспечивающая бесперебойную подачу электроэнергии в случае недостаточного солнечного излучения.
Основной частью фотоэлектрической установки являются фотоэлементы, изготовленные из полупроводникового материала (аморфного или монокристаллического кремния). При облучении солнечными лучами фотоэлемент генерирует максимальный ток Iмакс. при максимальном напряжении Uмакс, что соответствует максимальной мощности Wмакс..
Для увеличения выходного напряжения несколько фотоэлементов соединяют последовательно в ряд. Для увеличения тока несколько рядов соединяют параллельно.
Так, например, если один фотоэлемент может произвести ток 5 А при напряжении 35,5 В пост. тока, то для получения источника электроэнергии с током 100 А при напряжении 500 В пост. тока требуется соединить параллельно 20 рядов по 15 фотоэлементов в каждом.
Обычно автономная фотоэлектрическая установка состоит из следующих устройств:
- фотоэлектрическая батарея: состоит из соединенных между собой фотоэлементов, преобразующих солнечную энергию в электрическую;
- регулятор заряда: электронное устройство, предназначенное для регулирования заряда и разряда аккумуляторов;
- аккумуляторная батарея: обеспечивает электропитание нагрузки при недостаточном солнечном излучении.
- инвертор: преобразует постоянный ток в переменный ток стабильной частоты и формы.
На следующем рисунке показана функциональная схема автономной фотоэлектрической установки
[Перевод Интент]Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > photovoltaic plant
18 expense
n1) расход; трата2) pl расходы, издержки, затраты
- absorbed expenses
- accommodation expenses
- accompanying expenses
- accrued expenses
- acquisition expenses
- actual expenses
- additional expenses
- administration expenses
- administrative expenses
- advertising expenses
- agreed expenses
- aggregate expenses
- amortization expenses
- annual expenses
- anticipated expenses
- arbitration expenses
- auditing expenses
- average expenses
- bad debt expenses
- bank expenses
- banking expenses
- bank operating expenses
- bloated expenses
- bloated operating expenses
- board expenses
- broker's expenses
- budget expenses
- budgetary expenses
- budgeted expenses
- building expenses
- business expenses
- business travel expenses
- cable expenses
- calculated expenses
- capitalized expenses
- carriage expenses
- cash expenses
- city's operating expenses
- clerical expenses
- collecting expenses
- collection expenses
- commercial expenses
- commission expenses
- compensation expenses
- computed expenses
- considerable expenses
- constant expenses
- contango expenses
- contract expenses
- contractual expenses
- controllable expenses
- current expenses
- current operating expenses
- customs expenses
- daily expenses
- dead expenses
- debt service expenses
- deductible expenses
- deferred expenses
- delivery expenses
- depreciation expenses
- direct expenses
- disbursement expenses
- discharging expenses
- discount expenses
- distribution expenses
- eligible expenses
- encashment expenses
- engineering expenses
- entertainment expenses
- equipment maintenance expenses
- establishment expenses
- estimated expenses
- everyday expenses
- exceptional expenses
- excess expenses
- executive expenses
- extra expenses
- extraordinary expenses
- extravagant expenses
- factory expenses
- federal expense
- fee and commission expenses
- financial expenses
- financing expenses
- fixed expenses
- flat expenses
- foreign exchange expenses
- formation expenses
- forwarding expenses
- freight expenses
- fringe benefit expenses
- funding expenses
- general expenses
- general and administrative expenses
- general average expenses
- general occuppancy expenses
- general operating expenses
- guardianship expenses
- harbour expenses
- hauling expenses
- heavy expenses
- high expenses
- hotel expenses
- identifiable additional expenses
- idle facility expenses
- idle plant expenses
- impairment-related expenses
- incidental expenses
- income expense on bonds
- income tax expense
- incurred expenses
- indirect expenses
- interest expenses
- initial expenses
- installation expenses
- insurance expenses
- interest expenses
- interest expense on current accounts in credit
- interest expense on debenture
- interest expense on demand deposits loans
- interest expenses on items with agreed maturity dates
- interest expense on special savings accounts
- itemized medical expenses
- job-hunting expenses
- job travel expenses
- lavish expenses
- law expenses
- legal expenses
- living expenses
- loading expenses
- lodging expenses
- mail expenses
- maintenance expenses
- management expenses
- manufacturing expenses
- marketing expenses
- material expenses
- maximum expenses
- medical expenses
- minimum expenses
- miscellaneous expenses
- monetary expenses
- monthly expenses
- mortgage expenses
- moving expenses
- necessary expenses
- noncash expenses
- noncontrollable expenses
- noninterest operating expenses
- nonoperating expenses
- nonproductive expenses
- nonrecurrent expenses
- nonrecurring expenses
- office expenses
- one-off expenses
- operating expenses
- operational expenses
- organizational expenses
- other expenses
- out-of-pocket expenses
- overall expenses
- overhead expenses
- overseas housing expenses
- packing expenses
- particular expenses
- payroll expenses
- per capita expenses
- period expenses
- permissible expenses
- personal expenses
- personal consumption expenses
- personnel expenses
- petty expenses
- planned expenses
- pocket expenses
- postage expenses
- postal expenses
- preliminary expenses
- prepaid expenses
- preparation expenses
- processing expenses
- production expenses
- promotion expenses
- promotional expenses
- protest expenses
- public expenses
- publicity expenses
- quality expenses
- reasonable expenses
- recovery expenses
- recurrent expenses
- recurring expenses
- reimbursable expenses
- reinvoiced expenses
- relocation expenses
- removal expenses
- removing expenses
- rent expense
- repair expenses
- representation expenses
- rework expenses
- running expenses
- running-in expenses
- sales promotion expense
- salvage expenses
- selling expenses
- selling, general and administrative expenses
- service expenses
- shipping expenses
- ship's expenses
- special expenses
- specific expenses
- standing expenses
- starting expenses
- start-up expense
- stationary expenses
- stevedoring expenses
- storage expenses
- subsistence expenses
- substituted expenses
- sundry expenses
- supplementary expenses
- tax expenses
- tax deductible interest expenses
- telephone expenses
- telex expenses
- testamentary expenses
- title expenses
- total expenses
- towage expenses
- trade expenses
- transfer expenses
- transhipment expenses
- transport expenses
- transportation expenses
- travel expenses
- travel and entertainment expenses
- travelling expenses
- trimming expenses
- uncontrollable expenses
- unforeseen expenses
- unit expenses
- unloading expenses
- unproductive expenses
- unreasonable expenses
- unreimbursed expenses
- unreimbursed job travel expenses
- unscheduled expenses
- unwarranted expenses
- upkeep expenses
- variable expenses
- wages expenses
- warehouse expenses
- warranty expenses
- wheeling expenses
- working expenses
- works general expenses
- expenses as percentage of sales
- expenses for the account of
- expenses for protesting a bill
- expenses in foreign exchange
- expenses of carriage
- expenses of the carrier
- expenses of circulation
- expenses of collection
- expenses of discharge
- expenses of haulage
- expenses of the insured
- expenses of the parties
- expenses of production
- expenses of protest
- expenses of reproduction
- expenses of shipping
- expenses of trackage
- expenses of transhipping
- expenses of transportation
- expenses on arbitration
- expenses on charter
- expenses on collection
- expenses on compensation for damage
- expenses on currency transactions
- expenses on customer transactions
- expenses on erection work
- expense on financing commitments
- expenses on guarantee commitments
- expenses on insurance
- expenses on materials
- expenses on off-balance-sheet transactions
- expenses on patenting procedure
- expenses on payment instruments
- expenses on repairs
- expenses on replacement
- expenses on scientific research
- expenses on security transactions
- expenses on selling
- expenses on selling effort
- expenses on setting-up
- expenses on storage
- expenses on technical service
- expenses on trading securities
- expenses on treasury operations and interbank transactions
- expenses per head of population
- at the expense of
- at great expense
- at the owner's expense and risk
- at the firm's expense
- less expenses
- minus expenses
- free of expenses
- free of all expenses
- expenses charged forward
- expenses connected with capital lease
- expenses connected with fund transfer
- expenses connected with obtaining credit
- expenses connected with the procedure in bankruptcy
- expenses deducted
- expenses incurred in searching for a job
- expenses prepaid
- expenses related to receivership
- absorb expenses
- account for the expenses
- advance expenses
- allocate expenses
- apportion expenses
- approve expenses
- assess expenses
- assume expenses
- authorize expenses
- avoid expenses
- avoid extra expenses
- bear expenses
- calculate expenses
- cause expenses
- charge expenses to the account of smb.
- compensate for expenses
- cover expenses
- curb expenses
- curtail expenses
- cut down expenses
- defray expenses
- determine expenses
- distribute expenses
- double expenses
- duplicate expenses
- entail expenses
- enter as expense
- estimate expenses
- experience extensive expenses
- go to expense
- halve expenses
- increase expenses
- incur expenses
- indemnify for expenses
- involve expenses
- itemize expenses
- limit expenses
- make expenses
- meet expenses
- offset expenses
- overestimate expenses
- participate in expenses
- pay expenses
- pile up expenses
- place expenses to smb.'s charge
- pool expenses
- prepay expenses
- put to expense
- put to great expense
- recognize expenses
- recompense expenses
- recover expenses
- reduce expenses
- refund the expenses
- reimburse smb. for expenses
- repay expenses
- run up expenses
- save expenses
- sequestrate expenses
- share expenses
- slash expenses
- spare no expense
- split expenses
- substantiate the expenses
- undertake expensesEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > expense
19 expenses
сущ. расход, издержки, трата, затрата Syn: outgo, costs, outgoing, outlay (мн.ч.) расходы (мн.ч.) accrued ~ аккумулированные непогашенные затраты accrued ~ задолженность accrued ~ начисленные к оплате издержки actual ~ фактические затраты actual ~ фактические расходы administration ~ административные расходы administrative ~ административные расходы advertising ~ затраты на рекламу aggregate ~ суммарные затраты annual ~ годовые расходы auction ~ аукционные издержки auditing ~ затраты на проведение ревизии averaging ~ мор. страх. затраты на составление диспаши bank ~ банковские расходы building ~ затраты на строительство business ~ расходы предпринимателей business ~ торговые расходы business start-up ~ затраты на создание нового предприятия business start-up ~ издержки, связанные с пуском предприятия charge with ~ взыскивать расходы claims ~ затраты на выплату страховых возмещений commuting ~ расходы на проезд к месту работы и обратно commuting ~ расходы на сезонный билет commuting ~ транспортные расходы работника construction ~ затраты на строительство contribute towards ~ принимать участие в расходах cover ~ покрывать расходы crew ~ расходы на содержание экипажа current ~ текущие расходы defray ~ нести расходы defray ~ покрывать издержки discharging ~ суд. расходы на разгрузку disproportionate ~ несоразмерные расходы employee ~ затраты на содержание наемного работника entertainment ~ представительские расходы establishment ~ расходы на создание establishment ~ учредительские расходы expenses затраты ~ издержки ~ расходы external ~ внешние расходы extraordinary ~ чрезвычайные расходы financial ~ финансовые затраты formation ~ затраты на учреждение forwarding ~ экспедиторские затраты general ~ основные расходы incidental ~ побочные затраты incidental ~ случайные расходы incur ~ нести расходы initial ~ первоначальные затраты interest ~ затраты на выплату процентов internal ~ внутрифирменние затраты land ~ затраты на обработку земли legal ~ судебные издержки living ~ расходы на содержание loading ~ затраты на погрузочные работы loss investigation ~ затраты на анализ убытков maintenance ~ затраты на техническое обслуживание management ~ расходы на управление management ~ управленческие расходы mandatory ~ вынужденные расходы marketing ~ издержки обращения marketing ~ издержки сбыта medical ~ медицинские расходы monthly recurring ~ периодические ежемесячные расходы mortgage ~ ипотечные издержки necessary ~ неизбежные расходы net financing ~ чистая сумма финансовых расходов nonrecurring ~ разовые расходы occupancy ~ затраты на владение собственностью office ~ конторские издержки office ~ расходы на содержание офиса operating ~ общефирменные расходы operating ~ операционные расходы operating ~ эксплуатационные расходы ordinary ~ обычные затраты ordinary ~ обычные расходы out-of-pocket ~ переменные издержки любого вида overhead ~ накладные расходы pay ~ оплачивать расходы pension ~ затраты на пенсионное обеспечение personal ~ личные расходы port ~ портовые сборы postage ~ почтовые расходы preliminary ~ предварительные затраты preliminary ~ предварительные расходы premium ~ затраты на уплату страховых взносов promotion ~ расходы на учреждение, основание( акционерного общества, компании) promotion ~ рекламные расходы recognize ~ определять расходы recovery ~ затраты на инкасацию recurrent ~ периодические расходы recurring ~ периодические расходы refuse collection ~ затраты на уборку мусора removal ~ издержки ликвидации объекта основного капитала reorganization ~ затраты на реорганизацию repair ~ затраты на ремонт running ~ эксплуатационные расходы sales ~ торговые издержки salvage ~ расходы по спасанию save ~ сокращать расходы share ~ распределять затраты social ~ общественные затраты social security ~ затраты на социальное обеспечение staff ~ затраты на содержание персонала staff training ~ затраты на обучение персонала start-up ~ затраты на ввод в действие start-up ~ затраты на запуск в производство start-up ~ издержки освоения нового предприятия start-up ~ издержки подготовки производства storage ~ складские расходы storage ~ стоимость хранения studying ~ затраты на исследования subsistence ~ прожиточный минимум transport ~ транспортные расходы travel ~ командировочные расходы travel ~ проездные расходы travel ~ путевые издержки travelling ~ дорожные расходы travelling ~ командировочные расходы travelling ~ путевые расходы unexpired ~ переходящие затраты waste disposal ~ затраты на удаление отходов working ~ эксплуатационные расходы wreck removal ~ стоимость спасательных работБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > expenses
20 fee
n1) гонорар; вознаграждение; комиссия, плата за услуги2) взнос3) сбор, пошлина4) земельная собственность или недвижимость, которые могут продаваться или передаваться по наследству
- additional fee
- administration fee
- administrative fee
- admission fee
- advance fee
- agency fee
- agent's fee
- annual fee
- application fee
- appraisal fee
- arbitration fee
- arbitrator's fee
- arrangement fee
- assignment fee
- auction fee
- booking fee
- broker's fee
- business filing fees
- busines registration fee
- cargo fee
- chartering fee
- clearing fee
- C.O.D.
- collection fee
- commission fee
- commitment fee
- consular fee
- consultancy fee
- consultant fee
- consultation fee
- contractor fee
- counsel fees
- court fees
- current fees
- customs fees
- director's fees
- discharging fee
- doctor's fee
- entrance fee
- exchange commission fee
- exit fee
- extra fee
- facility fee
- factoring fee
- filing fee
- finder's fee
- fixed fee
- flat fee
- franchise fee
- front end fees
- guarantee fees
- handling fee
- import fee
- incentive fee
- initial fee
- installation fee
- insurance fee
- insurance survey fee
- issue fee
- landing fee
- late payment fee
- legal fee
- licence fee
- listing fee
- litigation fee
- management fee
- membership fee
- nonrefundable fee
- notarial fee
- official's fee
- oil import fees
- origination fee
- packaging fee
- packing fee
- parcel fee
- parcel registration fee
- participation fee
- passport fee
- patent fee
- pick-up fee
- pilot fee
- pilotage fee
- port fees
- procuration fee
- professional fee
- protest fee
- public accounting fees
- publication fee
- quarantine fee
- reasonable fee
- registration fee
- remittance fee
- renewal fee
- rental fee
- revival fee
- safe custody fee
- sanitary fee
- school fees
- service fee
- stand fee
- standard fee
- storage fee
- submission fee
- subscription fee
- survey fees
- tax return preparation fees
- transfer fee
- tuition fee
- unloading fee
- warehouse fee
- weighing fee
- fees for arbitration services
- fees for consultancy services
- fee for a design
- fee for granting an import licence
- fee for a patent
- fee for paying a cheque
- fee for the return of deposit
- fee for a trademark
- fee for the use
- fees in a case
- fee of an average adjuster
- fee on a loan
- fee per article
- at a nominal fee
- for a fee
- fees paid to practise a profession
- fees payable to the bank
- fees receivable
- apportion fees
- be liable to a fee
- be remunerated with a fee
- charge a fee
- collect fees
- estimate a fee
- pay feesСтраницы- 1
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